Internet - a worldwide system of computer networks combined, based on the use of IP routing and data packets. Internet forms a global information space, is the physical basis for the World Wide Web, and many other systems (protocols) data transfer. Often referred to as the "World Network"and "Global Network". In common parlance is sometimes referred to "'Net. "
At the present time when the word "Internet" is used in everyday life, most often refers to the World Wide Web and accessible information in it, but not the physical network. After starting the Soviet Union, Sputnik in 1957, the U.S. Defense Department decided that in case of war, America needs a reliable system of information transmission. Agency Defense Advanced Research Projects United States (DARPA) has proposed to develop for this computer network. Developing such a network was assigned to the University of California Los Angeles, Stanford Research Center, University of Utah and the University of California at Santa Barbara. The computer network was called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), and in 1969, the project brought together a network of four of these academic institutions. All work funded by the Ministry of Defense. Then the ARPANET began to actively grow and develop, it began to use scientists from different disciplines.
The first server ARPANET was installed September 2, 1969 at the University of California at Los Angeles. Computer Honeywell DP-516 had 24 KB of RAM.
October 29, 1969 at 21:00 between the first two nodes of the network ARPANET, located at a distance of 640 km - the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) - had a communication session. Charley Kline (Charley Kline) tried to execute a remote connection to a computer at SRI. The successful transmission of each character, his colleague Bill Duvall (Bill Duvall) from SRI confirmed by telephone.
The first time was able to send all three characters «LOG», after which the network ceased to function. LOG was to be short LOGON (team login). In working state the system has returned to 22:30 and the next attempt was successful. It is this date may be considered the birthday of the Internet.
YouTube - service that provides a video hosting service. Users can add, view and comment on these or other videos. Due to the simplicity and ease of use, YouTube has become a popular video sharing site and the third in the world in the number of visitors. Daily number of video views on this site is more than 2 billion. The site includes a professionally filmed and clips and amateur video, including video blogs.
The project was founded in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees in San Bruno, California. They used the technology to Flash Video (flv), allowing a relatively good quality recording with a small amount of data transmitted. The project was a good means of entertainment, and formed his community, according to statistics, market research firm Alexa, ahead of most popular social network MySpace.
In November 2006, was completed purchase of YouTube by Google for 1.65 billion dollars. Before buying YouTube, Google had a similar service orientation - Google Video. Google representatives did not intend to close it, and will use it as a place for video search on all videohostingovym sites. Currently searching Google Video includes YouTube.
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) - an accelerator of charged particles in colliding beams, designed to accelerate protons and heavy ions (lead ions) and study the products of their collisions. Collider built at the research center of the European Council for Nuclear Research (Fr. Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, CERN), on the border of Switzerland and France near Geneva. BAK is the largest research facility in the world. Project Manager - Lyn Evans. In construction and study participated with more than 10,000 scientists and engineers from more than 100 countries.
The big named because of its size: the length of the main ring accelerator is 26 659 m; Hadron - due to the fact that it accelerates hadrons, ie particles composed of quarks; Collider - due to the fact that the particle beams are accelerated in opposite directions and collide at special points of collision.
Web camera - digital or video camera, capable of real-time display of images intended for transmission over the Internet (in programs such as Skype, Instant Messenger or any other video).
Webcams, delivering images over the Internet, upload images to a web server or on request, either continuously or at regular intervals. This is accomplished by connecting the camera to a computer or because of the opportunities of the camera itself. Some advanced models have hardware and software, which allows the camera to work independently as a Web server, FTP-server, FTP-client and (or) send images by email.
Webcams designed for video conferencing - it's usually a simple model cameras that connect to a computer that is running a program such as Instant Messenger.
Camera models that are used in protective purposes, may be fitted with additional devices and functions (such as motion detectors, the connection of external sensors, etc.)
The first ever webcam was launched in 1991 and showed the coffee maker in the Trojan Room of Cambridge University. She does not work, because it was disabled August 22, 2001.
Like many network technologies, webcams and video chat have acquired mass popularity. The need for a "live" video generated webcam that can broadcast over the Internet in video format, which does not require the viewer to manually update the file, and soon, unnecessary in modern browsers have a special plug-ins.
The webcam contains a lens, optical filter, a CCD or CMOS matrix, the scheme of digital image processing, image compression scheme and an optional Web server to connect to the network.
GPS-navigator - a device that receives signals of global positioning system to determine the current location of the device on Earth. GPS devices provide information about the latitude and longitude, and some can also calculate the height.
In GPS-navigator, there are several important components, which largely depends on the accuracy and quality of the instrument:
- GPS chipset - the processor, the most important part of any browser;
- RAM;
- display for displaying information.
Modern car navigators are able to plot a route taking into account the traffic management and implement targeted search. They may have an extensive base infrastructure, which serves to quickly search for catering, petrol stations, places for parks and recreation. Some models are able to receive and consider for routing information on the situation on the roads as possible to avoid serious congestion. Traffic information can be obtained by the navigator mobile communication via GPRS protocol or from the radio broadcast on channel RDS band FM.
iPod - brand series of portable media players by Apple, as storage media using flash memory or, in some models, the hard drive (the most famous - iPod classic). The debut of the brand was held October 21, 2001. At a press conference «The Beat Goes On», held on Sept. 5, 2007 in San Francisco, Steve Jobs announced that at the time it was sold 110 million players, iPod.
In the current lineup consists of the following series: iPod classic, iPod touch, iPod nano, as well as bezekrannyh iPod shuffle. For the former series, whose production is stopped, include iPod mini (replaced it with iPod nano) and iPod photo (was reworked and included in the main line of iPod classic). IPod classic models are used to store built-in hard drive, while all others (except the mini, using the drive Microdrive) use flash memory, so have a miniature size. Like most modern digital audio players, iPod players support the connection to the computer as an external hard drive on the USB-interface, but downloading music for playback on the player officially allowed to carry only using the program iTunes, available only for Windows and Mac OS.
Yota - brand name companies in the WIMAX Holding Ltd. (In Russia - LLC Scartel). Yota works in Russia and Nicaragua.
The company announced the division into two parts, from "Skartel was selected company of" Iota ", which will service customers. Yourself Skartel "will operate under the brand name Yota Networks and deal exclusively with the network infrastructure. Right to use the infrastructure Yota Networks received MTS, VimpelCom (the network operator Beeline), Megafon and Rostelecom. "Iota", as these four operators will be able to buy traffic from "Skartel" according to the same rates. Such an approach would allow all five operators have the same right of access to Yota Networks. In addition to the traffic infrastructure company plans to sell the operators and service priorities for different customers (Quality of service).
Scartel is a nonprofit international association of developers and equipment manufacturers WiMAX Forum, bringing together companies working in the field of technology and services to wireless broadband. Partners Scartel »- Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. and ASUSteK Computer Inc.
Yota brand developed by the British agency «300million». The main message of the brand - look at familiar things from a different angle. As a logo image selected man standing upside down.
Scartel develops and provides mobile services on technology Mobile WiMAX (standard IEEE 802.16e-2005). At the same time, to attract subscribers, operates the misconception that the services provided by the company owned the standard 4G. In autumn 2008, Scartel Russia's first deployed Mobile WiMAX network in Moscow and St. Petersburg in the range of 2,5-2,7 GHz. The company owns its own base stations and main lines of communication.
